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Porin Loss/Mutation and Efflux Pump Overexpression - Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Porins let drugs in, efflux pumps kick them out β€” alone, neither does much damage. Real resistance in Gram-negatives needs porin loss, efflux overexpression, and Ξ²-lactamases working together. Plus a surprising twist about Pseudomonas and ertapenem that challenges conventional teaching.

By Ken Koon Wong in porin efflux pump gnb amr

September 11, 2026

ROC, Paper, Scissor, Shoe

πŸ“Š Working through ROC-AUC from scratch, then poking at its blind spots β€” low prevalence, calibration, and finally Decision Curve Analysis. Mostly notes to myself on what I learned (and got confused by) along the way. πŸ€”πŸ“ˆ

By Ken Koon Wong in r R roc auc brier calibration dca decision curve analysis

September 2, 2026

Cross-Validation From Scratch and a Surprise at n=100

Textbooks say LOOCV has the lowest bias but highest variance compared to 10 and 5-fold. Coded a K-Fold CV from scratch for learning to test that on simulated data πŸ”πŸ“Š β€” and at n=1000 it holds up. At n=100? Not so much. πŸ€”

By Ken Koon Wong in r R crossvalidation resampling bias variance

August 5, 2026

Learning Amino Acids Part 1: Non-Polar Amino Acids, Rodrigues Rotation, and Lennard-Jones Potential

🧬 Back to basics! Learning non-polar amino acids, what zwitterions actually are, and dipping into the applied math β€” Rodrigues rotation and Lennard-Jones potential. Slowly building toward optimal phi/psi!

By Ken Koon Wong in r R amino acid non-polar rodriguez rotation formula lennard-jone potential plotly

June 7, 2026

Exploring the CovR/S Two-Component System in Streptococcus pyogenes

Exploring the CovR/S two-component system in Group A Strep 🧫 β€” from genome annotation with Bakta & BaktFold, to AlphaFold confidence metrics, and a first attempt at protein docking with Haddock3. Learning as we go! πŸ™Œ

By Ken Koon Wong in r R bio3d streptococcus pyogenes group A strep two-component system CovR/S bakta baktfold alphafold pLDDT PAE haddock3 protein docking RMSD hypothetical proteins

May 16, 2026

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